Obstacle Avoidance Robotic Vehicle Using Ultrasonic Sensor

32 Comments

Introduction:

Now day’s many industries are using robots due to their high level of performance and reliability and which is a great help for human beings. The obstacle avoidance robotics is used for detecting obstacles and avoiding the collision. This is an autonomous robot. The design of obstacle avoidance robot requires the integration of many sensors according to their task.

The obstacle detection is primary requirement of this autonomous robot. The robot gets the information from surrounding area through mounted sensors on the robot. Some sensing devices used for obstacle detection like bump sensor, infrared sensor, ultrasonic sensor etc. Ultrasonic sensor is most suitable for obstacle detection and it is of low cost and has high ranging capability.

Obstacle Avoidance Robotic Vehicle
Obstacle Avoidance Robotic Vehicle by Edgefx Kits

Working Principle:

The obstacle avoidance robotic vehicle uses ultrasonic sensors for its movements. A microcontroller of 8051 family is used to achieve the desired operation. The motors are connected through motor driver IC to microcontroller. The ultrasonic sensor is attached in front of the robot.

Whenever the robot is going on the desired path the ultrasonic sensor transmits the ultrasonic waves continuously from its sensor head. Whenever an obstacle comes ahead of it the ultrasonic waves are reflected back from an object and that information is passed to the microcontroller. The microcontroller controls the motors left, right, back, front, based on ultrasonic signals. In order to control the speed of each motor pulse width modulation is used (PWM).

Block Diagram
Block Diagram Obstacle Avoidance Robotic Vehicle Circuit by Edgefx Kits

Different Sensors used for obstacle avoidance Robotic vehicle

1. Obstacle detection (IR sensor):

The IR sensors are used for obstacle detection .The sensor output signal send to the microcontroller. The microcontroller controls the vehicle (forward/back/stop) by using the DC motor which is placed in vehicle. If any obstacle placed in line the IR sensor fails to receive the light rays and gives signals to the microcontroller. The microcontroller will stop the vehicle immediately and siren will on. After one minute the robot will be check the path status, if obstacle is removed the robot move far word else the robot will return back to move starting place. The sensor detects objects by emitting a short ultrasonic burst and then listening for the eco. Under control of a host microcontroller, the sensor emits a short 40 KHz explosion. This explosion ventures or travels through the air, hits an article and after that bounces once again to the sensor. The sensor provides an output pulse to the host that will terminate when the echo is detected; hence the width of one pulse to the next is taken into calculation by a program to provide result in distance of the object.

2. Path detection (proximity sensor):

The normal case both sensors giving the guidelines and robot follows it going straight on path.  When the line is end at that time the robot reverse at 180 and turns back the same place.

Being On Line
Being On Line

The proximity sensors are used for path detection. When the right sensor is not detected the curve line, the microcontroller activates the left motor to turn left until the signal from right sensor. Once signal is detected right sensor, the two motors are activated to go forward. When the line is end at that time the robot reverse at 180 and turns back the same place.

Loosing the Line
Loosing the Line

3. Ultrasonic Sensor:

The ultrasonic sensor is used for obstacle detection. Ultrasonic sensor transmits the ultrasonic waves from its sensor head and again receives the ultrasonic waves reflected from an object.

There are many applications use ultrasonic sensors like instruction alarm systems, automatic door openers etc. The ultrasonic sensor is very compact and has a very high performance.

Ultrasonic Sensor General Diagram
Ultrasonic Sensor General Diagram

Working Principle:

The ultrasonic sensor emits the short and high frequency signal. These propagate in the air at the velocity of sound. If they hit any object, then they reflect back echo signal to the sensor. The ultrasonic sensor consists of a multi vibrator, fixed to the base. The multi vibrator is combination of a resonator and vibrator. The resonator delivers ultrasonic wave generated by the vibration.  The ultrasonic sensor actually consists of two parts; the emitter which produces a 40 kHz sound wave and detector detects 40 kHz sound wave and sends electrical signal back to the microcontroller.

Ultrasonic Working Principle
Ultrasonic Working Principle

The ultrasonic sensor enables the robot to virtually see and recognize object, avoid obstacles, measure distance. The operating range of ultrasonic sensor is 10 cm to 30 cm.

Operation of the ultrasonic sensor:

When an electrical pulse of high voltage is applied to the ultrasonic transducer it vibrates across a specific spectrum of frequencies and generates a burst of sound waves. Whenever any obstacle comes ahead of the ultrasonic sensor the sound waves will reflect back in the form of echo and generates an electric pulse. It calculates the time taken between sending sound waves and receiving echo. The echo patterns will be compared with the patterns of sound waves to determine detected signal’s condition.

Note: The ultrasonic receiver shall detect signal from the ultrasonic transmitter while the transmit waves hit on the object. The combination of these two sensors will allow the robot to detect the object in its path. The ultrasonic sensor is attached in front of the robot and that sensor will also help the robot navigate through the hall of any building.

Applications of Ultrasonic Sensor:

  • Automatic change over’s of traffic signals
  • Intruder alarm system
  • Counting instruments access switches parking meters
  • Back sonar of automobiles

Features of Ultrasonic Sensor:

  • Compact and light weight
  • High sensitivity and high pressure
  • High reliability
  • Power consumption of 20mA
  • Pulse in/out communication
  • Narrow acceptance angle
  • Provides exact, non-contact separation estimations within 2cm to 3m
  • The explosion point LED shows estimations in advancement
  • 3-pin header makes it simple to connect utilizing a servo development link

Applications of Obstacle Avoidance Robotic Vehicle:

  • Especially military applications
  • It can be used for city wars

Now clearly got an idea about the concept of the robotic vehicle using ultrasonic sensor of obstacle detection if any furthermore queries on this topic or on the concept of the electrical and electronic projects leave the comments bellow.

Photo Credit:

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32 Comments

  1. what can be other applications of obstacle avoiding robot except military and room cleaning robot?

    Reply
    1. Tarun Agarwal says:

      Hi Subarna
      They are applicable to scientific exploration as well as emergency rescue, there may be dangerous locations for humans or even not possible for humans to approach directly. In these challenging situations, the robots require to collect information about their surroundings to avoid obstacles

      Reply
  2. dikshita oswal says:

    Hie sir
    Can i get idea on just obstacle detecting robot using microcontroller and ir sensor only

    Reply
    1. Tarun Agarwal says:

      yes, you can design but we cannot provide you the projects.

      Reply

  3. hi I am wall-o the obstacle avoidance robot. I run into things but I still love myself.

    Reply
  4. Majid Ali Khan says:

    can we get some glance of adding more features to obstacle avoidance vehicle?

    Reply
    1. Tarun Agarwal says:

      Hi Majid
      No, those are the all features of obstacle avoidance robot.
      Thank you so much for your feedback
      Sorry to inform you that we don’t have that project, and we cannot provide you like that
      And once again please visit our domestic website https://www.edgefxkits.com/

      Reply
  5. Uzo Jonathan says:

    I need a complete project topic on construction of obstacle detection and navigation control system in automobile system

    Reply
    1. Tarun Agarwal says:

      Hi
      I sincerely appreciate your kind response regarding my article
      As per your requirement, I can suggest you that please go through our website link you can get exact information https://www.edgefxkits.com/arduino-operated-obstacle-avoidance-robot
      And once again please visit our domestic website https://www.edgefxkits.com/ and international website http://www.efxkits.com/
      For more details please contact to Mr. Sathish on +91 8885507011 or you can email us on info@edgefxkits.in

      Reply

  6. hi sir
    I need a code for “whenever ultra sonic sensors detect obstacle in path, it right turn always with zero radius turn concept using 4 dc motor”…..please help

    Reply
  7. Rayyan Jamal says:

    This helped me out a lot.

    Reply
  8. jenitharani.L says:

    Very interested

    Reply
    1. Tarun Agarwal says:

      Hi Prabha,
      Please visit our website once: https://www.edgefxkits.com/
      Regret, we are very sorry to inform you that can’t able to full fill your requirement.
      For more details please contact Mr.Tarun Agarwal on +91-9908208883.

      Reply
  10. Ajith suresh says:

    can you please provide me details and report about autonomous vacuum cleaner.

    Reply
    1. Tarun Agarwal says:

      Hi Ajith Suresh,

      We regret to inform you that we will not be able to fulfill your requirement.

      Thanks and Regards

      Suvarna
      Mobile: +91 9959178000

      Reply
  11. meenakshi gaur says:

    hey can u plz send me the details with pcb layout regarding obstacle avoidance robot..

    Reply
    1. Tarun Agarwal says:

      Hi Meenakshi Guar,

      The circuit diagram, code, component list, documentation and other information could be shared with you when you purchase the project.

      Please check our model no. 249 for your exact requirement.

      Please follow the link: https://www.edgefxkits.com/obstacle-avoidance-robotic-vehicle

      You can download project abstract and seminar presentation from our website http://www.edgefxkits.com
      Please check the website for complete details in the kit content section and go through the FAQ for details.
      Please get back to us at info@edgefxkits.in or call the undersigned on 0 99591 78000 or our toll free no. 1800 108 7475 for clarifications/personal counseling.

      Thanks and Regards

      Suvarna
      Mobile: +91 9959178000

      Reply
  12. Avino mariya vargheese says:

    can u pls send the report of this project.we really want to implement the same in our college.

    Reply
    1. Tarun Agarwal says:

      Hi Avino mariya vargheese,

      Please check our model no. 249 for your exact requirement.
      Please follow the link: https://www.edgefxkits.com/obstacle-avoidance-robotic-vehicle

      You can download project abstract and seminar presentation from our website http://www.edgefxkits.com
      Please check the website for complete details in the kit content section and go through the FAQ for details.
      Please get back to us at info@edgefxkits.in or call the undersigned on 0 99591 78000 or our toll free no. 1800 108 7475 for clarifications/personal counseling.

      Reply
  13. Avino mariya vargheese says:

    can u pls send the report of obstacle avoiding robort asd soon as possible.we really want to do it.pls send the report including pcb layout.

    Reply
    1. Avino mariya vargheese says:

      we are really interested in this project..we expect your sincere support.

      Reply
    2. Tarun Agarwal says:

      Hi Avino mariya vargheese,

      Please check our model no. 249 for your exact requirement.
      Please follow the link: https://www.edgefxkits.com/obstacle-avoidance-robotic-vehicle

      You can download project abstract and seminar presentation from our website http://www.edgefxkits.com
      Please check the website for complete details in the kit content section and go through the FAQ for details.
      Please get back to us at info@edgefxkits.in or call the undersigned on 0 99591 78000 or our toll free no. 1800 108 7475 for clarifications/personal counseling.

      Reply

  14. its really a very good project. i want to make this will you please send me its all details with circuit diaram

    Reply
    1. Team Elprocus says:

      Dear Mayur,

      Please check our new wonderful and user friendly website http://www.edgefxkits.com for all the details.

      Please get back to us at info@edgefxkits.in or call the undersigned on 0 99591 78000 or our toll free no. 1800 108 7475 for clarifications/personal counseling.

      Reply
      1. karanbir singh says:

        Do i need extra transmitter and receiver circuit if i am using an HCSR04 ultrasonic sensor ?

      2. Team Elprocus says:

        Hi Karanbir Singh,

        Please check our new wonderful and user friendly website https://www.edgefxkits.com for all the details.

        Please get back to us at info@edgefxkits.in or call the undersigned on 0 99591 78000 or our toll free no. 1800 108 7475 for clarifications/personal counseling.

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